A word of caution...

You simply cannot do Scottish genealogy and family history from Ancestry.com, FamilySearch, FindMyPast and all the other well know commercial genealogy websites. They just don't have the necessary records, and what they do have is often "user-submitted" without sources or associated documents.

However, do not despair - Scotland has an unparalleled set of records, in terms of coverage and accessibility online and physically.

ScotlandsPeople www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk
This official Scottish Government site has most of the records the genealogist will need, including:

• Baptisms, Marriage banns and Burials (Church of Scotland) from the mid-1500s to 1854

• Some Catholic records 1703-1908

• Statutory (Civil) Births, Marriages and Deaths 1855-2017 (images downloadable up to (Births) 100 years ago, (Marriages) 75 years and (Deaths) 50 years

• Wills and Testaments - over 611,000 from 1513 to 1925

• Censuses, every 10 years from 1841-1911

• Coats of Arms registered or granted 1672-1909

• Valuation Rolls (essentially, Heads of Households) in 10-year intervals from 1885 to 1935
  Searching is free, downloads cost a small amount.

ScotlandPlaces www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk
Land and tax records, and in many cases maps and photographs, concerning places and the people who lived in them - the list is growing all the time, but at present includes:

• Historical Tax Rolls

• Ordnance Survey Name Books for each county in Scotland

• Ordnance Survey maps from the mid-1800s plus maps and plans of counties, parishes, cities, towns, villages, farms, roads, canals, harbours, churches, school, public building, private houses, mines and quarries, some back as far as the late 1500s

• Gazetteers and Atlases

• Official Reports, such as the Land Ownership Commission Reports, 1872-1873 and The Hay Shennan County and Parish Boundaries, 1892

• The National Monuments record including archaeological reports on historic and prehistoric sites
  Searching and downloads are free.

The National Library of Scotland (www.nls.uk) has an incredible array of digitised records and indexes for Family History, including: Historical clubs and societies, free Maps and Directories, Emigration and passenger information, Local history, Surname histories and biographies, Newspapers, Gravestone inscriptions, State Papers, Scottish traditional culture and more.
Historic maps in particular are worthwhile searching.
Searching and downloads are free.

Locally
Not every record is available online, and not all are held centrally in Edinburgh. There are many excellent archives, museums, local history and family history centres and other resources all over the country ? just waiting for you to visit. Start at the Scottish Association of Family History Societies www.safhs.org.uk/

Other links
National Records of Scotland (NRS) www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/catalogues-and-indexes  
Formerly the National Archives for Scotland, this holds historical records created by businesses, landed estates, families, churches and other bodies, with online catalogues.

National Register of Archives for Scotland (NRAS)  http://catalogue.nrscotland.gov.uk/nrasregister/welcome.aspx
Catalogues records held in private hands

Scottish Archive Network (SCAN) www.scan.org.uk/
Provides a single electronic catalogue to the holdings of more than 50 Scottish archives.

Court of the Lord Lyon https://courtofthelordlyon.scot/
The statutory body for all things heraldic (Coats of Arms etc.). Actual records of Arms are at Scotland's People

Scottish Register of Tartans (SRT) www.tartanregister.gov.uk/
The official online database of tartan designs, established by law in 2008.

The National Archives (TNA) www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/
Based in Kew, London, the official archive for the United Kingdom holds many records relating to Scottish family history, especially military records. Check its Family History Research Guide.